Honorary members:
| Jesús Ávila de Grado | 2013 |
| Angelo Azzi | 2012 |
| Mariano Barbacid | 2018 |
| Tom L. Blundell | 2011 |
| Carlos Bustamante | 2009 |
| Pilar Carbonero Zalduegui | 2019 |
| María Cascales Angosto | 2013 |
| Philip Cohen | 2011 |
| Miguel Ángel de la Rosa | 2019 |
| Ernesto Freire | 2005 |
| Carlos Gancedo | 2001 |
| Fausto García Hegardt | 2008 |
| Francisco García Olmedo | 2008 |
| Félix María Goñi Urcelay | 2013 |
| Santiago Grisolía | 1975 |
| Joan Guinovart | 2005 |
| Robert Huber | 2002 |
| Timothy Hunt | 2010 |
| Brian K. Kobilka | 2013 |
| Robert J. Lefkowitz | 2019 |
| Carlos López Otín | 2016 |
| Manuel Losada | 1997 |
| Federico Mayor Zaragoza | 1997 |
| Joan Massagué | 2003 |
| María Teresa Miras Portugal | 2005 |
| Salvador Moncada | 1999 |
| Paul Nurse | 2016 |
| Armando Parodi | 2001 |
| Israel Pecht | 2012 |
| Venkatraman Ramakrishnan | 2015 |
| Vicente Rubio Zamora | 2014 |
| Juan Antonio Subirana | 2004 |
| Magdalena Ugarte Pérez | 2011 |
| William Whelan | 1999 |
Past honorary members:
| Daniel I. Arnon | 1975 |
| Sydney Brenner | 2013 |
| Carl F. Cori | 1967 |
| Gertrudis de la Fuente Sánchez | 2013 |
| Ernest Gale | 1969 |
| Santiago Gascón | 1997 |
| Francisco Grande Covián | 1975 |
| Marianne Grunberg-Manago | 1997 |
| Richard W. Hanson | 2001 |
| Helmut Holzer | 1975 |
| Bernard I. Horecker | 1975 |
| Carlos Jiménez Díaz | 1967 |
| Arthur Kornberg | 1983 |
| Hans Krebs | 1969 |
| Luis F. Leloir | 1963 |
| Manuel Lora Tamayo | 1963 |
| Feodor Lynen | 1969 |
| Gabriela Morreale de Escobar | 2013 |
| Severo Ochoa | 1963 |
| Juan Oró | 1975 |
| Julio Rodríguez Villanueva | 1997 |
| Margarita Salas Falgueras | 1997 |
| Ángel Santos Ruiz | 1972 |
| Giorgio Semenza | 1997 |
| Alberto Sols | 1985 |
| Wendell M. Stanley | 1972 |
| Nicolas van Uden | 1987 |
| Eladio Viñuela | 1997 |
